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Foreclosure Laws and Procedures By State

By:William Tingle

The foreclosure process varies somewhat from state to state, and depends primarily on whether the state uses mortgages or deeds of trust for the purchase of real property. Generally, states which use mortgages conduct judicial foreclosures; states that use deeds of trust conduct non-judicial foreclosures. The principal difference between the two is that the judicial procedure requires court action on a foreclosed home.

The table below represents our current knowledge of which states use mortgages (judicial) or deeds of trust (non-judicial) or both, as well as helpful information regarding other foreclosure procedures particular to each state. Click on a State highlighted in Blue to access complete state foreclosure law information.

Please check with your local county office to verify the accuracy of this information.


State Judicial Non-Judicial Process Period (Days) Sale Publication
(Days)
Redemption Period
(Days)
Sale/NTS Comments
Alabama 49-74 21 365 Trustee Judicial not common
Alaska 105 65 365* Trustee Judicial as last alternative
Arizona 90+ 41 30-180* Trustee Judicial not common
Arkansas 70 30 365* Trustee Both are used equally
California 117 21 365* Trustee Judicial not common
Colorado 91 14 75 Trustee Judicial not common
Connecticut •  62 NA Court Decides Court Judicial only
Delaware •  170-210 60-90 None Sheriff Judicial only
District of Columbia •  47 18 None Trustee Trustee Sale only
Florida •  135 NA None Court Judicial only
Georgia 37 32 None Trustee Judicial not common
Hawaii 220 60 None Trustee Both used equally
Idaho 150 45 365 Trustee Trustee Sale more common
Illinois •  300 NA 90 Court Judicial only
Indiana •  261 120 None Sheriff Judicial only
Iowa 160 30 20 Sheriff Trustee Sale Voluntary
Kansas •  130 21 365 Sheriff Judicial only
Kentucky •  147 NA 365 Court Judicial only
Louisiana •  180 NA None Sheriff Judicial only
Maine •  240 30 90 Court Judicial only
Maryland •  46 30 Court Decides Court Judicial only
Massachusetts •  75 41 None Court Judicial only
Michigan •  60 30 30-365 Sheriff Non-Judicial only
Minnesota 90-100 7 1825 Sheriff Non-Judicial more common
Mississippi 90 30 None Trustee Non-Judicial more common
Missouri 60 10 365 Trustee Non-Judicial more common
Montana 150 50 None Trustee Trustee Sale more common
Nebraska •  142 NA None Sheriff Judicial only
Nevada 116 80 None Trustee Trustee Sale more common
New Hampshire •  59 24 None Trustee Non-Judicial only
New Jersey •  270 NA 10 Sheriff Judicial only
New Mexico •  180 NA 30-270 Court Judicial only
New York •  445 NA None Court Judicial only
North Carolina 110 25 None Sheriff Non-Judicial more common
North Dakota •  150 NA 180-365 Sheriff Judicial only
Ohio •  217 NA None Sheriff Judicial only
Oklahoma 186 NA None Sheriff Judicial more common
Oregon 150 30 180 Trustee Trustee Sale more common
Pennsylvania •  270 NA None Sheriff Judicial only
Rhode Island 62 21 None Trustee Non-Judicial more common
South Carolina •  150 NA None Court Judicial only
South Dakota 150 23 30-365 Sheriff Judicial more common
Tennessee •  40-45 20-25 730 Trustee Non-Judicial only
Texas 27 NA None Trustee Non-Judicial more common
Utah •  •  142 NA Court Decides Trustee Non-Judicial only
Vermont •  95 NA 180-365 Court Judicial only
Virginia 45 14-28 None Trustee Trustee Sale more common
Washington 135 90 None Trustee Trustee Sale more common
West Virginia 60-90 30-60 None Trustee Trustee Sale only
Wisconsin 290 NA 365 Sheriff Judicial more common
Wyoming 60 25 90-365 Sheriff Non-Judicial more common
*Judicial Only